Lal Krishna Advani

Lal Krishna Advani
Lal Krishna Advani is an Indian politician and one of the senior leaders in Bharatiya Janata Party as well as Indian politics today. Advani is one of the most eminent figures and has served as the Minister of Home Affairs in the BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004 with Atal Bihari Vajpayee being the Prime Minister. Advani has also served in the opposition being the Leader of Opposition in the 10th and 14th Lok Sabha. Advani has been a long time volunteer and member of the right wing Hindu nationalist organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and he made his entrance into the political life through RSS. In 2015, he has been awarded by Indias second highest civilian award of Padma Vibhushan.Born on 8th November 1927 in Karachi, Advani hails from a highly respected traditional family. His parents Kishinchand Advani and Gyanidevi Advani belonged to the Amil branch of Sindhi Hindus. Amils were the revenue officials assisting the Munshis of the Muslim kings and were a renowned clan in Sindh dominating the government jobs and professions in the area. Advanis parental grandfather Dharamdas Khubchand Advani was a scholar in Sanskrit as well as principal of a government high school. His father was a teacher and his father had three elder brothers who worked as a civil servant, lawyer and chemistry professor. They lived in Hyderabad (Pakistan). Advani has a sister Sheela and she is six years younger to him residing in Mumbai. Advani lived in a joint family and had thirty four cousins with whom he grew up. After completing his school in 1942 from St. Patricks High School for boys, one of the most highly rated schools in Karachi at that time he joined Dayaram Gidumal National College in Hyderabad (Pakistan). After partition, Advanis family migrated to India and he later completed his graduation in Law from Government Law college under Mumbai University. Advani took his first job as a teacher at the age of 17 teaching mathematics, science, history and English in Model school in Karachi, Pakistan. At the age of 14, living in Hyderabad (Pakistan), one of Advanis friend Murli Mukhi introduced him to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Inspired by the ideologies of RSS, Advani joined RSS and became a swayamsevak in 1942. Just after joining RSS, he was sent to his first Officers training camp. RSS has a three years officers training for all of their sevaks before handling them any position in RSS. After completing the first year in Indore, he completed the second and third year in Ahmedabad and Nagpur respectively. After the training, he looked after the activities of the Sangh in Alwar city and later the neighboring district of Bharatpur. After partition, Advani was sent to Matsya Alwar in Rajasthan as a pracharak. The place of Matsya Alwar has witnessed the communal violence following partition and Advani worked in Alwar, Bharatpur, Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar districts until 1952. Before the partition of 1947, Advani was also the Secretary of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in Karachi. Advani became the member of Bharatiya Jana Sangh founded by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee in the year 1951. He was appointed as the secretary of S.S. Bhandari, the then General Secretary of the Jana Sangh in Rajasthan. In 1957, after moving to Delhi he looked over the parliamentary affairs and later became the General Secretary and then the President of the Delhi unit of Jana Sangh. From 1966 to 1967, he remained as the leader of Bharatiya Jan Sangh and in 1970 he became the member of Rajya Sabha from Delhi. In 1973, he was elected as the President of Bharatiya Jana Sangh and in 1976 became the Rajya Sabha member from Gujarat. After the dissolution of the Jana Sangh in 1977, Advani along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee and other prominent leaders enrolled in the Janata Party. After Janata Party won the election in 1977 Lok Sabha election, Advani became the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. After the issues in the Janata Party, many members of the Janata Party quit the party and formed the new Bharatiya Janata Party. Advani became a prominent leader of the newly found BJP and became the Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha in 1980. He also represented the party in Rajya Sabha from Madhya Pradesh for two terms from 1982. He was appointed as the General Secretary of BJP in 1980 and held this position till 1986 and again became the president in 1986 and held the position till 1991. In 1989, he was elected as the member of 9th Lok Sabha. Under his leadership the movement of Ram Janmabhoomi began. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) in the early 80s started the campaign for the construction of Ram temple at the site of Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. The VHP made the agitation that the mosque has been constructed by the Mughal emperor Babur in 1527 after demolishing the Rama temple. The BJP supported this campaign and also included this as an important part of the election campaign. This led to BJP winning 86 seats in 1989 which made them an important support of the V. P . Singhs National Front government. In September 1990, Advani began his Rath Yatra to Ayodhya to support the Ram temple movement. A large number of kar sevaks supported Advani and began to reach Ayodhya. The then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav ordered to detain the kar sevaks before they reach Ayodhya. Approximately 1,50,000 of the kar sevaks were detained yet many of them reached Ayodhya and some attacked the mosque. This led to fight with the paramilitary forces and resulted in the death of several kar sevaks . This led to riots in Uttar Pradesh. Soon after this, the BJP withdrew its support to the V.P. Government and in the next general elections the seats of BJP rose to 120 seats in the Uttar Pradesh Assembly. In 1991, he was elected as the member of Lok Sabha for the second term and he again became the BJP president from 1993 to 1998. In 1998, after being elected for the third term in Lok Sabha, he was the Union Cabinet Minister of Home Affairs. Fresh elections were conducted in 1999 and he was elected as a member of Lok Sabha for fourth term. From October 1999 to May 2004, he became the Union Cabinet Minister of Human Affairs. He was also elected as the deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. After the loss of NDA, Atal Bihari Vajpayee retired from active politics and Lal Krishna Advani became the Leader of Opposition. He was also re-elected for the fifth term in Lok Sabha. In 2009, he was re elected to Lok Sabha for the sixth term and was also the Leader of Opposition for a brief time in 2009. On 10th June 2013, Advani surprised everyone and resigned from all the posts saying that the party has lost all the ideologies upon which the party was based. However, after intervention and assurance from Rajnath Singh, Advani withdrew his resignation.Advani married to Kamalaji on 25th February 1965 and they have a son Jayant who is a businessman and a daughter Pratibha who is a well known television personality. Advani is also known for organizing yatras and he has been the head and organized Rath Yatra, Janadesh Yatra, Swarn Jayanti Yatra, Bharat Uday Yatra, Bharat Suraksha Yatra and Jn Chetna Yatra. Advani was conferred with Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1999 by Indian Parliamentary Group and in 2015 he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award.
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